More examples in Legal/Criminal Justice
Approaches for Stress Prevention and Management of an Individual from Violence or Trauma Example
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Individual Approaches for Stress Prevention and Management Immediate Response Long-Term Response Management of Workload Clarification with immediate on-site supervisor regarding task priority levels and work plan
Recognition that “not having enough to do” or “waiting” is an expected part of crisis mental health response
Existing “regular” workload delegated so workers do not attempt disaster response plus usual job Planning, time management, and avoidance of work overload (e.g., “work smarter, not harder”)
Periodic review of program goals and activities to meet stated goals
Periodic review to determine feasibility of program scope with human resources available Balanced
Lifestyle Nutritional eating and hydration, avoidance of excessive junk food, caffeine, alcohol, or tobacco
Adequate sleep and rest, especially on longer assignments
Physical exercise and gentle muscle stretching when possible
Contact and connection maintained with primary social supports Family and social connections maintained away from program
Exercise, recreational activities, hobbies, or spiritual pursuits maintained (or begun)
Healthy nutritional habits pursued
Over-investment in work discouraged Stress
Reduction
Strategies Reducing physical tension by using familiar personal strategies (e.g., taking deep breaths, washing face and hands, meditation, relaxation techniques)
Using time off to “decompress” and “recharge batteries” (e.g., getting a good meal, watching TV, shooting pool, reading a novel, listening to music, taking a bath, talking to family)
Talking about emotions and reactions with coworkers during appropriate times Cognitive strategies employed (e.g., constructive self-talk, restructuring distortions)
Relaxation techniques (e.g., yoga, meditation, guided imagery) explored
Pacing self between low and high-stress activities, and between providing services alone and with support
Talking with coworkers, friends, family, or counselor about emotions and reactions Self -
Awareness Early warning signs for stress reactions recognized and heeded
Acceptance that one may not be able to self-assess problematic stress reactions
Over-identification with or feeling overwhelmed by victims’ and families’ grief and trauma may result in avoiding discussing painful material
Trauma overload and prolonged empathic engagement may result in vicarious traumatization or compassion fatigue (Figley, 2001, 1995; Pearlman, 1995) Exploration of motivations for helping (e.g., personal gratification, feeling needed, personal history with victimization or trauma)
Understanding differences between professional helping relationships and friendships
Examination of personal prejudices and cultural stereotypes
Recognition of discomfort with despair, hopelessness, rage, blame, guilt, and excessive anxiety which interferes with the capacity to “be” with clients
Recognition of over-identification with survivors’ frustration, anger, anguish, and hopelessness resulting in loss of perspective and role
Realizing when own disaster experience or personal history interferes with effectiveness
Involvement in opportunities for self-exploration and addressing emotions evoked by disaster work Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, Mental Health Response to Mass Violence and Terrorism, 2004
Recognition that “not having enough to do” or “waiting” is an expected part of crisis mental health response
Existing “regular” workload delegated so workers do not attempt disaster response plus usual job Planning, time management, and avoidance of work overload (e.g., “work smarter, not harder”)
Periodic review of program goals and activities to meet stated goals
Periodic review to determine feasibility of program scope with human resources available Balanced
Lifestyle Nutritional eating and hydration, avoidance of excessive junk food, caffeine, alcohol, or tobacco
Adequate sleep and rest, especially on longer assignments
Physical exercise and gentle muscle stretching when possible
Contact and connection maintained with primary social supports Family and social connections maintained away from program
Exercise, recreational activities, hobbies, or spiritual pursuits maintained (or begun)
Healthy nutritional habits pursued
Over-investment in work discouraged Stress
Reduction
Strategies Reducing physical tension by using familiar personal strategies (e.g., taking deep breaths, washing face and hands, meditation, relaxation techniques)
Using time off to “decompress” and “recharge batteries” (e.g., getting a good meal, watching TV, shooting pool, reading a novel, listening to music, taking a bath, talking to family)
Talking about emotions and reactions with coworkers during appropriate times Cognitive strategies employed (e.g., constructive self-talk, restructuring distortions)
Relaxation techniques (e.g., yoga, meditation, guided imagery) explored
Pacing self between low and high-stress activities, and between providing services alone and with support
Talking with coworkers, friends, family, or counselor about emotions and reactions Self -
Awareness Early warning signs for stress reactions recognized and heeded
Acceptance that one may not be able to self-assess problematic stress reactions
Over-identification with or feeling overwhelmed by victims’ and families’ grief and trauma may result in avoiding discussing painful material
Trauma overload and prolonged empathic engagement may result in vicarious traumatization or compassion fatigue (Figley, 2001, 1995; Pearlman, 1995) Exploration of motivations for helping (e.g., personal gratification, feeling needed, personal history with victimization or trauma)
Understanding differences between professional helping relationships and friendships
Examination of personal prejudices and cultural stereotypes
Recognition of discomfort with despair, hopelessness, rage, blame, guilt, and excessive anxiety which interferes with the capacity to “be” with clients
Recognition of over-identification with survivors’ frustration, anger, anguish, and hopelessness resulting in loss of perspective and role
Realizing when own disaster experience or personal history interferes with effectiveness
Involvement in opportunities for self-exploration and addressing emotions evoked by disaster work Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, Mental Health Response to Mass Violence and Terrorism, 2004