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Originally developed by Kaoru Ishikawa to visualize the causes of a specific event, the Cause and Effect Diagram has come to be known by several names: Cause and Effect, Fishbone, or Ishikawa diagram. It is one of the seven basic quality control tools, and is commonly used to determine components needed for a desired outcome. The main issue is written in a box that is typically in the center of the right edge of the page. A line called the "spine" or "backbone" extends to the left starting from the edge of the main box. Branches angle off of the spine, each representing a cause or effect of the main issue. Each of these branches may contain additional branches.
A Cause and Effect Diagram is used to examine why something happened or might happen by breaking up the issue into smaller categories. It can also be helpful to show relationships between contributing factors.